Inflation
U.S. CPI 12-month change
The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers rose 3.5% over the last 12 months.
Latest readings
Updated Jun 30, 2026
All items CPI-U
3.5%
2026
Cause and Effect
-
January-June 2026
Tariffs and Middle East oil disruptions pushed inflation sharply higher again.
-
2023-2024
Healing supply chains and slower shelter inflation drove inflation sharply lower.
-
2022
Ukraine war disruptions kept food and energy inflation unusually high.
-
2021
Reopening demand, fiscal support, and supply bottlenecks sent inflation soaring.
- ↗Monetary Policy and Economic Developmentshttps://www.federalreserve.gov/publications/2021-ar-monetary-policy.htm
- ↗Effects of Supply Chain Bottlenecks on Prices using Textual Analysishttps://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/notes/feds-notes/effects-of-supply-chain-bottlenecks-on-prices-using-textual-analysis-20211203.html
-
2020
Pandemic shutdowns weakened demand and lowered oil prices, reducing inflation.